Solar heating cause water to expand. These currents, which are associated with intense coastal upwelling and low sea surface temperatures, feed the westward North and South Equatorial Currents respectively. Winds blowing on the surface of the ocean push the water. Explore more on it. Global Energy Transfer, Atmosphere, Climate. Earth’s rotation results in the Coriolis effect which also influences ocean currents. The ocean and atmosphere are connected. B. The water starts flowing in the same direction as the wind. Flood waters carry sediments: large particles (boulders, gravel, and sand) roll and bounce along on the stream bed; finer materials (fine sand, silt, and clay) can be carried in suspension. Wind-driven and ocean-current circulations move warm water toward the poles and colder water toward the equator. How do ocean currents affect climate? At the Equator, the sun warms the water and land more than it does the rest of the globe. C change direction and carry storm systems toward the southeast. Surface Currents. Very little vegetation, except along streams. From north to south, east to west, and up and down the shore, ocean water moves all over the place. In El Niño conditions, the winds propelling the water get weaker and as an outcome, some of the warm water collected in the west is heavily drawn towards the east. Equatorial Currents: Found on either side of the equator, flow to the west. Ocean currents either warm or cool the air above them. Deep waters are cold and nutrient-rich and have a key role in stimulating primary productivity.Upwelling has led to the enhancement of coastal fisheries in western Morocco … Q5. Global winds drag on the water’s surface, causing it to move and build up in the direction that the wind is blowing. In the southern hemisphere, the westerlies can be considered strong because there tends to be less land in the middle latitudes which gives rise to amplification of the flow patterns and slows down the wind. A prominent feature of Eastern Boundary Currents is the presence of upwelling. However, Humboldt Current is one of the largest water currents in the world as it carries water for longer distances. If you live near the ocean, in a marine climate, what kind of winters would you expect? Winds are the means by which the atmosphere attempts to balance the uneven distribution of pressure over Convergent … Coastal and sea floor features influence their location, direction, and speed. They work together to move heat and fresh water across the globe. Ocean water moves in predictable ways along the ocean surface. Tropical Region. The Atlantic North Equatorial Current is pushed westward by the Northeast Trade Winds between latitude 10° and 20° N. Fed in part by the South Atlantic Equatorial, it turns north as the Antilles, Caribbean, and Florida currents, which eventually become the Gulf Stream.Some of the Gulf Stream’s waters eventually arc southward as the Azores and Canary currents, which swing west … Western boundary currents are warm, deep, narrow, and fast flowing currents that form on the west side of ocean basins due to western intensification. Ocean Currents. Outside of Earth’s equatorial areas, weather patterns are driven largely by ocean currents. Wind is the horizontal movement of air in response to differ- ences in pressure. answer choices . The mix of warm and cool water causes winds to — A remain constant and storm systems not to form. It is also one of five major coastal currents affiliated with … The currents in the ocean change the depth of the water. SURVEY . Note the variations with latitude. Ocean currents are the horizontal and vertical circulation of ocean waters that produce a steady flow of water in a prevailing direction. So, the normal difference in temperature across the equatorial Pacific is cold water (about 22 degrees Celsius) in the east and warm water (about 30 degrees Celsius) in the west. Submarine cables are designed to lay on the seabed and are deployed with sufficient slack to enable them to conform to the undulations that are encountered. Stream and river erosion are dominant forces changing mountainous landscapes. Ocean currents carry radiolaria from one water mass to another, so that species tend to have variable reproductive success. The Gulf Stream flows north, bringing water from the equator up along the East Coast of the United States. The sun makes the water in the ocean become warmer and expand. There are called warm current as they bring the warm tropical water north. Ekman drift causes offshore transport of surface waters, which are then replaced with deep water from below. Along the east coasts of the continents, the currents flow from the equator toward the poles. The winds create the surface currents that literally blow the top layer of water of the ocean westward. The Earth is an interacting system of matter and energy, that as part of its functioning produces phenomena like volcanoes, glaciers, mountain ranges, oceans, and continents. Currents and Circulation Patterns in the OceansThe oceans are in constant motion. As the warmer water is "moved" out of the way by the wind, colder waters are exposed to the surface off the western coast of South America. So equatorial currents aren’t deflected right or left -- water can simply flow in a straight direction pushed by the winds. One of the major controlling factors of Radiolaria distribution is water temperature and salinity. ... Equatorial Region. Warm currents are those that flow from equatorial regions towards the poles and have a higher surface temperature. 8. From NASA. Radiolaria appear to be most abundant in warm waters of the equatorial zone. The large-scale pattern of surface ocean currents is set up by winds. Tides contribute to coastal currents that travel short distances. Currents are movements of ocean water in a continuous flow, created largely by surface winds but also partly by temperature and salinity gradients, Earth’s rotation, and tides. Currents of ocean water distribute heat around the globe and help regulate Earth's climate, even on land. Clear B. When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases. For instance, water from the tropical Atlantic moves northwards through Atlantic in a Gulf Stream suffusing the Western Europe's shores thus producing a mild climate. Areas near the equator receive more direct solar radiation than areas near the poles. 6-35. Surface Circulation. And just as the Coriolis effect deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, it also results in the deflection of major surface ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (in a clockwise spiral) and to the … The atmosphere only contains about 2.5 cm of water and clouds contain only 0.05 mm. Harsh, extreme winters. When the ocean currents that take along warm air go to a land mass, the temperature of that place rises. Another 50 m of water is currently stored in the major ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. The surface ocean currents have a strong effect on Earth's climate. Currents carry and recycle nutrients that nourish marine … These western ocean currents carry warm and subtropical water towards the poles in the Polar Regions. How do ocean currents affect climate? Near the equator the water is about 8 centimeters high than in middle latitudes. Major surface ocean currents in the open ocean, however, are set in motion by the wind, which drags on the surface of the water as it blows. Currents in the tropical climate zones carry warm water away from it and currents in the polar climate zones carry cold water away from it. Along the coast of South America, the most prominent current is the North Brazil Current, which carries very warm water from about 5°N across the equator. Ocean currents that bring along cold water inland make the climate cold, while ocean currents that take along warm water to coastal areas make the climate warm. Warm ocean currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles or higher latitudes while cold currents originate near the poles or higher latitudes and move towards the tropics or lower latitudes. Abstraction When ocean current carries cold water, the air … Horizontal currents moving northward or southward may carry warmed or cooled water for very long distance. This allows water, which would otherwise pile up against the western boundary of the ocean in the Equatorial currents, to flow back eastwards in the surface Equatorial Countercurrent. A. But currents do not simply track the wind. What kind of water do equatorial currents carry? what it is - the vertical movement of cold, deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface. On the pathways of the equatorial subsurface currents in the eastern equatorial Pacific and their contributions to the Peru-Chile Undercurrent. When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases. This upwelling water is usually rich in nutrients, which is why many upwelling regions are also abundant with fish. How Do Ocean Currents Affect Climate? Ocean water is constantly in motion (Figure 14.7). However, these areas do not constantly get warmer and warmer, because the ocean currents and winds transport the heat from the lower latitudes near the equator to higher latitudes near the poles. Peru Current, cold-water current of the southeast Pacific Ocean, with a width of about 900 km (550 mi). B intensify and storm systems to form. 1. 1.10 > The world’s large ocean currents are also influenced by the prevailing winds. 9. This is a low-pressure system. The currents carry approximately 350 million–700 million cubic feet of water per second. How do ocean currents affect climate? Q33. Flowing water transports, grinds fragments, and erodes landscapes. Western Boundary Currents tend to carry heat from the equator poleward, so think back to where we started in this Lesson; everything is driven by differential solar heating. There is also an eastward-flowing Equatorial Undercurrent, which forms a jet within the thermocline , driven by the horizontal pressure gradient . The Gulf Stream, off the southeast United States coast, is one of the strongest currents known anywhere in the world, with water speeds up to 3 mph (5 kph). The California Current is a cold water Pacific Ocean current that moves southward along the western coast of North America, beginning off southern British Columbia and ending off southern Baja California Sur.It is considered an Eastern boundary current due to the influence of the North American coastline on its course. Boundary Currents: Western: Carry warm water from tropics poleward on west ocean basins, Eastern: Eastern side of ocean basins, flow equatorward transporting cold water from high to low latitudes. Differences in atmospheric pressure generate winds. Secondary Forces--influence where the currents flow . what causes it - (1) surface waters move away from area on ocean's surface, such as along the equator. divergence of currents along the geographical equator cause upwelling of cold, nutrient rich water. Related Papers. Gravity from the moon and the sun pulls more on water at certain times. Both the Benguela and Peru Currents originate in the Antarctic Ocean, and bring cold water thru a series of upwellings that carry cold water to the surface. Almost no vegetation save for lichen. This figure shows sea surface wind speed, as derived from a NASA's satellite (Aqua) for the month of November, 2004. OCTOBER 22, 2015 -- The data whizzes at NASA recently decided to turn their attention from the sky to the ocean as they attempted to model how ocean currents help drive the formation of the " garbage patches ." Ivonne Montes. Surface currents can flow for thousands of kilometers and can reach depths of hundreds of meters.These surface currents do not depend on weather; they remain unchanged even in large storms because they depend on factors that do not change. When water evaporates from the ocean and land surface, it cools the surface because it takes energy to change liquid/solid water into vapor. This amount of water is considered little compared to most currents. A. Upwelling. Warm ocean currents are red, and cold currents are shown in blue. Chapter 4: Global Energy Transfer, Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation, Climate. Ocean Currents: As long as there is a temperature difference between two different sections of water, there will be currents. Winds and ocean currents play a big role in redistributing heat. Depending upon the water temperatures, they may be classified as warm ocean currents or cold ocean currents. Relatively slow and shallow, it transports only 350,000,000–700,000,000 cu ft (10,000,000–20,000,000 cu m) of water per second. Lows and highs are illustrated in Wind Figure 5.4. This would also be drastically affected by the undersea topography. They carry warm water from the tropics poleward. Ocean currents either warm or cool the air above them. It is an eastern boundary current similar … So during the summer months (or month) the currents would carry warmer water away from the equators toward the poles in long loops. Fig. So if we look at the circulation map, most of the surface currents making up gyers don’t cross the equator but flow along it horizontally. answer choices. Similar to a person trying to walk in a straight line across a spinning merry-go-round, winds and ocean waters get deflected from a straight line path as they … Types of Ocean Currents: Ocean currents may be classified into a number of types based on different criteria. Winds, water density, and tides all drive ocean currents. The ocean can store much more heat than the land surfaces on the Earth. Tags: Question 20 . Cold C. Fresh D. Warm 14. When the ocean currents that take along warm air go to a land mass, the temperature of that place rises. All these currents in the North/South Pacific/Atlantic gyres South Ocean currents can transport heat. For example, the Kuroshio current and Gulf streams in North Atlantic and pacific are the fast-moving western boundary currents; Brazil, north pacific, and equatorial are the warm currents. What kind of water do equatorial currents carry a. clear b.cold c.fresh d. warm 2 See answers ... an eastward flow of oceanic water in opposition to and flanked by the westward equatorial currents of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Warm equatorial air rises higher into the atmosphere and migrates toward the poles. These waters carry important nutrients from deeper ocean depths. This cause a very slight slope and water wants to flow down the slope. The rotation of Earth make the oceans bulge away from the planet. Examples include the Gulf Stream, the Agulhas Current, and the Kuroshio. 7.
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